Navigate to the Python download site with your browser. You see information regarding the latest version of Python. Click the appropriate link for your version of OS X: Python 3.3.4 Mac OS X 64-bit/32-bit x86-64/i386 Installer for 32-bit or 64-bit versions on the Intel processor. Note that the python.org releases only support versions of Windows that are supported by Microsoft (at the time of the release), so no recent release from python.org can be used on WIndows XP. See the Python for Mac OS X page. MacOS from 10.2 (Jaguar) to 10.15 (Catalina) includes a system version of Python 2, but it is best not to consider. The official home of the Python Programming Language. Downloads Mac OS X; Python Releases for Mac OS X. Latest Python 3 Release - Python 3.9.0; Latest Python 2 Release - Python 2.7.18; Stable Releases. Python 3.9.0 - Oct. Download macOS 64-bit installer.
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I am new to python. I am using python 3.5 on mac os x el capitan. I tried using the command 'pip install requests' in the python interpreter IDLE. But it throws invalid 'syntax error'. About; Products For Teams; Stack Overflow. Once you have a copy of the source, you can embed it in your own Python package, or install it into your site-packages easily.
As a popular open source development project, Python has an activesupporting community of contributors and users that also make their softwareavailable for other Python developers to use under open source license terms.
This allows Python users to share and collaborate effectively, benefitingfrom the solutions others have already created to common (and sometimeseven rare!) problems, as well as potentially contributing their ownsolutions to the common pool.
This guide covers the installation part of the process. For a guide tocreating and sharing your own Python projects, refer to thedistribution guide.
Note
For corporate and other institutional users, be aware that manyorganisations have their own policies around using and contributing toopen source software. Please take such policies into account when makinguse of the distribution and installation tools provided with Python.
Key terms¶
![How How](/uploads/1/2/6/7/126739262/367634067.png)
pip
is the preferred installer program. Starting with Python 3.4, itis included by default with the Python binary installers.- A virtual environment is a semi-isolated Python environment that allowspackages to be installed for use by a particular application, rather thanbeing installed system wide.
venv
is the standard tool for creating virtual environments, and hasbeen part of Python since Python 3.3. Starting with Python 3.4, itdefaults to installingpip
into all created virtual environments.virtualenv
is a third party alternative (and predecessor) tovenv
. It allows virtual environments to be used on versions ofPython prior to 3.4, which either don’t providevenv
at all, oraren’t able to automatically installpip
into created environments.- The Python Packaging Index is a publicrepository of open source licensed packages made available for use byother Python users.
- the Python Packaging Authority is the group ofdevelopers and documentation authors responsible for the maintenance andevolution of the standard packaging tools and the associated metadata andfile format standards. They maintain a variety of tools, documentation,and issue trackers on both GitHub andBitbucket.
distutils
is the original build and distribution system first added tothe Python standard library in 1998. While direct use ofdistutils
isbeing phased out, it still laid the foundation for the current packagingand distribution infrastructure, and it not only remains part of thestandard library, but its name lives on in other ways (such as the nameof the mailing list used to coordinate Python packaging standardsdevelopment).
![Download Download](/uploads/1/2/6/7/126739262/861567157.png)
Changed in version 3.5: The use of
venv
is now recommended for creating virtual environments.See also
Basic usage¶
The standard packaging tools are all designed to be used from the commandline.
The following command will install the latest version of a module and itsdependencies from the Python Packaging Index:
Note
For POSIX users (including Mac OS X and Linux users), the examples inthis guide assume the use of a virtual environment.
For Windows users, the examples in this guide assume that the option toadjust the system PATH environment variable was selected when installingPython.
It’s also possible to specify an exact or minimum version directly on thecommand line. When using comparator operators such as
>
, <
or some otherspecial character which get interpreted by shell, the package name and theversion should be enclosed within double quotes:Normally, if a suitable module is already installed, attempting to installit again will have no effect. Upgrading existing modules must be requestedexplicitly:
More information and resources regarding
pip
and its capabilities can befound in the Python Packaging User Guide.Creation of virtual environments is done through the
venv
module.Installing packages into an active virtual environment uses the commands shownabove.See also
How do I …?¶
These are quick answers or links for some common tasks.
… install pip
in versions of Python prior to Python 3.4?¶
Python only started bundling
pip
with Python 3.4. For earlier versions,pip
needs to be “bootstrapped” as described in the Python PackagingUser Guide.See also
… install packages just for the current user?¶
Passing the
--user
option to python-mpipinstall
will install apackage just for the current user, rather than for all users of the system.… install scientific Python packages?¶
A number of scientific Python packages have complex binary dependencies, andaren’t currently easy to install using
pip
directly. At this point intime, it will often be easier for users to install these packages byother meansrather than attempting to install them with pip
.See also
… work with multiple versions of Python installed in parallel?¶
On Linux, Mac OS X, and other POSIX systems, use the versioned Python commandsin combination with the
-m
switch to run the appropriate copy ofpip
: Download facetime for mac.Appropriately versioned
pip
commands may also be available.On Windows, use the
py
Python launcher in combination with the -m
switch:Common installation issues¶
Installing into the system Python on Linux¶
On Linux systems, a Python installation will typically be included as partof the distribution. https://evertickets704.weebly.com/how-to-download-modpacks-on-technic-mac.html. Installing into this Python installation requiresroot access to the system, and may interfere with the operation of thesystem package manager and other components of the system if a componentis unexpectedly upgraded using
pip
.On such systems, it is often better to use a virtual environment or aper-user installation when installing packages with
pip
.Pip not installed¶
It is possible that
pip
does not get installed by default. One potential fix is:There are also additional resources for installing pip. https://evertickets704.weebly.com/pulse-secure-525-download-mac.html.
Installing binary extensions¶
Python has typically relied heavily on source based distribution, with endusers being expected to compile extension modules from source as part ofthe installation process.
With the introduction of support for the binary
wheel
format, and theability to publish wheels for at least Windows and Mac OS X through thePython Packaging Index, this problem is expected to diminish over time,as users are more regularly able to install pre-built extensions ratherthan needing to build them themselves.Some of the solutions for installing scientific softwarethat are not yet available as pre-built
wheel
files may also help withobtaining other binary extensions without needing to build them locally.See also
Historically MacOS came preinstalled with Python 2, however starting with Mac 10.15 (released in October 2019) this is no longer the case. And since Python 2 will no longer be officially supported as of January 1, 2020, you should really use Python 3 instead.
There are multiple ways to install Python 3 on a MacOS computer. The official Python website even recommends downloading it directly, however this approach can cause confusion around PATH variables, updates, and uninstalls. A better approach, in my opinion, is to instead use the popular package manager Homebrew which automates updates and juggling multiple versions of Python on a computer.
Is Python 3 already installed?
Before we start, make sure Python 3 isn’t already installed on your computer. Open up the command line via the Terminal application which is located at
Applications -> Utilities -> Terminal
.Then type the command
python --version
followed by the Enter key to see the currently installed version of Python.Note: The dollar sign, (
$
), indicates user input. Everything after is intended to be typed by the user followed by the Enter key. Any output, such as Python 2.7.17
in this case, does not have a dollar sign in front.In short: don’t type $
before your commands!It’s possible that Python 3 may have already been installed as
python3
. Run the command python3 --version
to check, however most likely this will throw an error.Install XCode
The first step for Python 3 is to install Apple’s Xcode program which is necessary for iOS development as well as most programming tasks. We will use XCode to install Homebrew.
In your Terminal app, run the following command to install XCode and its command-line tools: Stronghold crusader 2 download vollversion kostenlos mac iso.
It is a large program so this make take a while to download. Make sure to click through all the confirmation prompts XCode requires.
Install Homebrew
Next install Homebrew by copy/pasting the following command into Terminal and then type Enter:
To confirm Homebrew installed correctly, run this command:
Install Python 3
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Now we can install the latest version of Python 3. Type the following command into Terminal and press Enter:
To confirm which version of Python 3 was installed, run the following command in Terminal:
Finally, to run our new version of Python 3 open an interactive shall by typing
python3
within Terminal:To exit the Python 3 interactive shell, you can type either
exit()
and then Return or type Control+d
which means hold both the Control and D keys at the same time.Note that it is still possible to run Python 2 by simply typing
python
:Virtual Environments
By default, Python packages are installed globally on your computer in a single directory. This can cause major problems when working on multiple Python projects!
For example, imagine you have Project A that relies upon Django 1.11 whereas Project B uses Django 2.2. If you naively installed Django on your computer, only the latest install would be present and available in that single directory. Then consider that most Python projects rely on multiple packages that each have their own version numbers. There’s simply no way to keep everything straight and not inadvertently break things with the wrong package versions.
The solution is to use a virtual environment for each project, an isolated directory, rather than installing Python packages globally.
Confusingly, there are multiple tools for virtual environments in Python:
- venv is available by default on Python 3.3+
- virtualenv must be installed separately but supports Python 2.7+ and Python 3.3+
- Pipenv is a higher-level tool that automatically manages a separate virtual environment for each project
On MacOS we can install Pipenv with Homebrew.
Then use Pipenv for any Python packages you wish to install. For example, if you want to work with Django 2.2.6, first create a dedicated directory for it on your computer such as in a
django
directory on your Desktop.Then install Django within that directory.
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If you look within the directory there are now two new files,
Pipfile
and Pipfile.lock
, which Pipenv uses. To activate the virtual environment type pipenv shell
.There will now be parentheses around the name of your current directory which indicates the virtual environment is activate. To exit the virtual environment, type
exit
.The lack of parentheses confirms the virtual environment is no longer active.
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Next Steps
How To Use Python Mac
To learn more about Python, the books Python Crash Course and Automate the Boring Stuff are great resources. For free tutorials on web development with Python check out Learn Django.